This curated session examines how heritage and borders mutually shape one another, treating both as processual and relational formations rather than fixed objects. It foregrounds transnationality as both an empirical condition and an analytical problem: how cross-border connections, through cultural practices and institutional arrangements, rework heritage-making and bordering processes, and how they expose limits in the theory and practice of “transnational heritage”. The session also uses heritage-border relations as a lens on wider political questions, including cultural statecraft, cultural diplomacy, and geopolitics in a multipolar world. It aims to enable a critical, comparative, interdisciplinary conversation across theory and case-based inquiry, ranging from Roman frontiers to Indigenous Arctic governance and the securitisation of ecological border regimes. It organises discussion around four question-types: ontological (heritage ontologies), geopolitical (instrumentalisation of categorisations such as UNESCO), scalar (operations across scales), and administrative (governing institutional complexity) .